50th Anniversary – Borehole Bulletin

50th Anniversary Issue October 1990 of The Borehole Bulletin

 

50th Anniversary Borehole

 

War Diary – 2/4th Machine Gun Battalion

Northam 25 November 1940 0900 Hours
Advance party consisting of 13 Officers, 12 NCO’s marched into No. 2 Camp, Northam.
Northam 27 November 1940 2000 hours
349 Recruitments marched in from Recruitment Training Depots.

__________

Introduction

‘Little did we know where our destiny would lead us when we first put up our colour patches in Northam Camp 50 years ago – in retrospect, perhaps it was just as well.

The years in between have taken their toll through casualties at Singapore – our losses as POWs at Changi, on the LINE, in horror camps Borneo, Japan and other SE Asian locations and at sea, and further reductions in our ranks since our return home.

We, who have survived, are caretakers of a tradition rich in mutual respect and an extraordinary level of shared and individual friendships. A tradition created in extremes of adversity which has been left in our keeping to guard it well.

The Borehole Bulletin has had a vital role in this task – it is our line of communication and is the voice of the Association – our civilian HQ.

This special issue provides us with a visual history of the Battalion, from the days of our first Army boots to this our 50th Anniversary year.

I deem it a privilege to introduce and commend it to you.’

Signed
G.M. (Tom) Bunning
Captain, Senior Officer Extant

 

Northam 1940-1941

A time of learning left from right, early rising, getting used to Army tucker – bashing hats into acceptable shapes and trying not to march in step when you went on leave. The quickest way to the Savoy when the leave train got into Perth on Friday night, of crazy tripods and clearing plugs, of night manouvres and canteen bashes, of route marching and making friends – and learning to BE A SOLDIER.

 

The March TO PERTH

Following many ‘practice’ strolls around the camp area the C.O. decided to test the physical fitness and endurance of the Battalion with a march to Perth. The March commenced on 4th March and there remain many memories of the three days. The long drag up the hills, cheers from the roadside and the baskets of fruit. The nurses at Woorooloo (Sanitarium) the pool at Leschenaultia and bottle of milk . The march from Bassendean Oval and through the city.

 

Goodbye Northam

In July 1941 with Don Company leading the way by train from Northam the Battalion (by sea) moved to Woodside in South Australia. Northam had knocked off the rough edges – developed purpose in our training and had created an efficient Battalion. We also justified the extra M in M.M.B. by becoming fully MACADAMISED Machine Gunners!

 

Hello Woodside

Woodside, located in the Adelaide hills, provided another challenge – a new and interesting training area, a change in climate!! a new city and a more specialized training programme oriented to our main role as Corps troops. The scene of some memorable marches through the ranges – we very soon became ‘Anketell’s Macadamised Mountain Goats’.

Note:  67 new recruitments Taken on Strength 5 October 1941.

 

 

 

Heading North

October 1941 saw another move.
This time north to Darwin. By now the Unit had been in training for a year and this new posting, with all the earmarks of a home defence role, created some despondency. This was the ‘end of the line’ and troops had visions of the Unit becoming known as ‘that Troppo WA mob in Darwin’ – how wrong they were!

 

Overseas 1942

With Japan’s entry into the war the situation changed, and on 31st December 1941 the Battalion was on its way to New Guinea to board the ‘Aquitania’ in Port Moresby Harbour on 3rd January 1942. A break (stopover) in Sydney and our ‘unscheduled’ leave at Fremantle (picking up at least 128 reinforcements – lost 88 men who had were AWOL) were golden moments as we sailed for Singapore!!

 

A.I.F. Overseas

Singapore officially fell 15th February 1942 following a week of severe fighting during which time the Battalion was heavily engaged. Initially operating as Corps troops attached to Infantry Brigades the Battalion was involved in all levels of the fighting. Eventually the Battalion came together under its Commanding Officer, Lt-Col Mick Anketell. The battalion remained in the forward Battle areas suffering severe casualties –including the Commanding Officer who was killed in action.

 

 

‘Into the Bag’

The 15th February 1942 Surrender brought with it not only the post trauma of a costly and senseless action but a new unknown situation as Prisoners of War. This led to greater tragedy, but it also gave birth to a lasting bond which is as alive today as it was 45 years ago. Conditions were so bad as to preclude ‘going it alone’ and so was created, a shared system for the common good.
Simply put, it was the development of mutual respect and a level of mutual sharing and caring – powered by our most valuable human resource – optimism and faith in ourselves – that provided our ‘survival kit’ ingredients.
The standard catch-cry around the camps ‘Hang on we’ll be home for Christmas’ says it all. But even that was wearing a bit thin after the THIRD Christmas.

 

 

Three and a half years later – Coming Home  October 1945- the transport and routes were various – we had lost more than 40% of our battalion.

Little did we realise we were about to face a new challenge!

For too many men they faced years of physical and mental health issues – affecting them and their families for years to come.

 

 

We advise the above is an edited version of  October 1990 Borehole Edition.

Regretfully, we are unable to reprint most photographs included in this edition of Borehole because the imagery is not clear.  We can confirm most photographs have already been uploaded onto the website in Gallery – these copied from other sources.

Country Re-union 1972 – Narrogin hosts Win & Wal Holding

HAPPENINGS – Borehole Bulletin January 1973

Country Re-union held 1972 Narrogin, hosted by Win & Wally Holding

In 1972 Win and Wally hosted the Country Re-union at Narrogin.  Most attending 2/4th Members arrived Narrogin by 5 pm at Bowling Club for a get together then onto RSL Hall for an ‘excellent’ buffet tea.  (According to Borehole January 1973) which went onto say ‘that afterwards the evening got going with plenty of dancing and liquid refreshments ending up with a BBQ.’

Sunday morning saw everyone back at Bowling Club where the then President Mr Hall welcomed everybody and hoped they would be back again.

Amongst those present:

Eileen & Percy Tompkins

Norma & John McPherson

Joyce & ‘Squeaker’ Murdock

Glad & Eric Fraser

Lil & Tom Gibson

Pauline & Peter Dimopoulos

Audrey & Greg Burdon

Ruth & Gus Magor

Pat & Harold Mundy

Grace & Laurie Tapper

Imelda & George Battye

Ivy & Lofty Watt

Marge & Jack Crispin

Thelma & Ern Shackleton

Edna & Lofty Armstrong

Marge & Ted Felthan

Betty & Harry Lucas

Johnny Morgan

Harry Blakiston

Alice & Les Lee

Win & Wal Holding

Bill Cake

Bill Barron

Fred Bellchambers

Barbara & Mr Gibson

Kathie & Gordon Magor

Syd Gorringe.

‘It was very nice to have some Albany members at Narrogin. Their presence was much appreciated. Bill Cake hasn’t aged in years, although he told us his daughter was now married, and he’s sure he has got a few grey hairs!’
‘Betty and Harry Lucas who live at Kronkup, via Albany also looked very well. Their daughter Dorothy, celebrated her 21st birthday in October at the farm with a dance and BBQ, where their many friends gathered to give congratulations. Dorothy left by jumbo jet *** for London, where she and a girlfriend intend to spend a 2 year working holiday.’
Johnnie Morgan the other visitor from Albany, was full of fun and told some very funny stories, generally amusing everyone near him.
We hope to see you all next year, Albanyites.’
‘Anyone who saw that one-legged trouble maker Syd Gorringe shoveling loam at 4.30am at Narrogin, was quite sober. He just likes to have a nice garden! He then took off for Perth to take his family to Wundowie for the day.’
‘Win and Wal Holding are just about Darby and Joan. Glenda and Ian are now living in the city and Raelene will be moving any day to start teacher’s training at Perth Technical College. Old train driver’s never die, they just puff, puff away.   Son Wally is home on a month’s leave from the Navy, so will probably stir them up for awhile.’
Bub & Les Lee have now given up their farm at Cuballing and have moved into a home in Narrogin.

Where was Curly Collins the Re-union week-end? Prawning!!!

*** Remember Australia received its first Jumbo Jet i.e. 747 in 1971!  The beginning of a whole new world of flying and travel.

Former 2/4th veterans with their wives who attended re-unions – country or city, always excelled at enjoying themselves. It was if they never forgot their POW days – when you can, make the most of the moment!

‘Bad’ times were never spoken of.

Meeting their mates became a time of joy – lots of pranks, games, laughter, dancing, eating.   Although not necessarily at the above event, they participated in outdoor games with winners taking home trophies until the following year.

The men shared the news of their children – achievements, weddings, births, etc.- with or without the children knowing!  Sad or happy.

Without doubt, there would regularly be the very sad news of one of the ‘boys’ being hospitalised/seriously ill and/or his death – this shared news, either by telephone or personally,  was quietly and respectfully heard. Their facial expressions and bodies never truly revealing what they really felt.

These men had spent decades learning of the deaths of mates.

It would never end until they were all gone.

Honour Roll of Association

Honour Roll

 

2/4th Machine Gun Battalion ex Members Association

President Vice President Secretary Treasurer
1946 Green CE Cough AJ Feltham E Lander RM
1947 Green CE Cough AJ Pearson D Lander RM
1948 Unsworth J Annear RW Pearson D Lander RM
1949 Lander RM Cody L Davey WJ Horn D
1950 Lander RM Tucker KD Davey WJ Horn D
1951 Lander RM Tucker KD Davey WJ Horn D
1952 Lander RM Ridgewell R Kennedy MStJ Winter A
1953 Cody L Ridgewell R Kemp L Quinn DA
1954 Morrison J Heppingstone I Kemp L Quinn DA
1955 Duncan J Cody L Kemp L Quinn DA
1956 Duncan J Fraser E Heppingstone I Mellor J
1957 Duncan J Fraser E Castles W Mellor J
1958 Fraser E Duncan J Zappa E Mellor J
1959 Fraser E Duncan J Zappa E Mellor J
1960 Fraser E Duncan J Zappa E Mellor J
1961 Fraser E Duncan J Zappa E Mellor J
1962 Fraser E Duncan J Zappa E Mellor J
1963 Fraser E Duncan J Zappa E Mellor J
1964 Fraser E Duncan J Zappa E Pummel E
1965 Fraser E Duncan J Zappa E Pummel E
1966 Fraser E Duncan J Zappa E Pummel E
1967 Fraser E Duncan J Tomkins P Quinn DA
1968 Fraser E Duncan J Tomkins P Quinn DA
1969 Fraser E Duncan J Tomkins P Quinn DA
1970 Duncan J Wallin E Tomkins P Quinn DA
1971 Duncan J Wallin E Tomkins P Quinn DA
1972 Fraser E Wallin E Tomkins P Quinn DA
1973 Fraser E Wallin E Tomkins P Quinn DA
1974 Wallin E McPherson CJ Tomkins P Quinn DA
1975 Wallin E McPherson CJ Tomkins P Quinn DA
1976 Wallin E McPherson CJ Tomkins P Quinn DA
1977 Wallin E McPherson CJ Tomkins P Quinn DA
1978 Wallin E Feltham E Tomkins P Quinn DA
1979 Wallin E Tompkins P McPherson CJ Hampson D
1980 Wallin E Tompkins P McPherson CJ Hampson D
1981 Wallin E Tompkins P McPherson CJ Hampson D
1982 Tompkins P Wallin E McPherson CJ Hampson D
1983 Tompkins P Wallin E McPherson CJ Hampson D
1984 Tompkins P Wallin E McPherson CJ McPherson CJ
1985 Tompkins P Wallin E McPherson CJ McPherson CJ
1986 Tompkins P Wallin E McPherson CJ McPherson CJ
1987 Tompkins P Beard TJ McPherson CJ McPherson CJ
1988 Tompkins P Kemp L McPherson CJ McPherson CJ
1989 Tompkins P Kemp L McPherson CJ McPherson CJ
1990 Tompkins P Kemp L McPherson CJ McPherson CJ
1991 MacKinnon GC Evans F McPherson CJ McPherson CJ
1992 MacKinnon GC Evans F McPherson CJ McPherson CJ
1993 Wallin E Evans F McPherson CJ McPherson CJ
1994 Wallin E Evans F Kyros J McPherson CJ
1995 Wallin E Elliott J Kyros J Badock R
1996 Wallin E Elliott J Kyros J Badock R
1997 Wallin E Elliott J Kyros J Badock R
1998 Wallin E Elliott J Kyros J Badock R
1999 Wallin E Elliott J Kyros J Badock R
2000 Elliott J James T Kyros J Badock R
2001 Elliott J James T Kyros J Badock R
2002 Elliott J James T Kyros J Badock R
2003 Elliott J James T Morris L Badock R
2004 Elliott J James T Morris L Badock R
2005 Elliott J James T Morris L Badock R
2006 Elliott J James T Morris L Badock R
2007 Elliott J Dimopoulos P Morris L Badock R
2008 Elliott J Dimopoulos P Morris L Badock R
2009 Elliott J Dimopoulos P Morris L Badock R
2010 McLennan R Dimopoulos P Mellor C Dimopoulos P
2011 McLennan R Dimopoulos P Mellor C Dimopoulos P
2012 McLennan R Dimopoulos P Mellor C Dimopoulos P
2013 McLennan R Dimopoulos P Mellor C Holding W
2014 McLennan R Dorizzi B Mellor C Holding W
2015 McLennan R Dorizzi B Mellor C Holding W
2016 McLennan R Dorizzi B Norton S Kyros T
2017 McLennan R Dorizzi B Norton S Kyros T
2018 McLennan R Dorizzi B Norton S Ridgwell J
2019 Dorizzi B Tysoe H Norton S Ridgwell J
2020 Dorizzi B Tysoe H Norton S Ridgwell J
2021 Dorizzi B Tysoe H Norton S Ridgwell J
2022 Dorizzi B Tysoe H Norton S Ridgwell J
2023 Tysoe H Mellor C Johnson C Ridgwell J
2024 Tysoe H Mellor C Johnson C Ridgwell J
2025 Tysoe H Mellor C Johnson C Ridgwell J

 

WX9418 Doug ‘Trader’ Horn

WX9418 HORN, Douglas Radcliffe known as ‘Trader Horn’ or Doug b. 1916 Perth, enlisted Dec 1940 joined ‘D’ Coy.
We naively imagined Doug Horn earned his nickname from his skills and feats trading on the black market – particularly in Singapore!
But this is not so.
Research has turned up ‘Trader Horn: A Young Man’s Astounding Adventures in 19th-Century Equatorial Africa’ was the first Hollywood movie filmed in Africa. Today this film would be judged politically incorrect.
There was a remake of ‘Trader Horn’ in the early 1970s, in which Australian actor Rod Taylor starred.
Born England 1861, Alfred Aloysius Smith, ‘Trader Horn’ was expelled from his Catholic boarding school at 17 and sailed for Africa.   In his later life and down on his luck, ‘Trader Horn’ wrote of his exciting earlier life working for a British Company as an ivory/rubber trader in central Africa. Especially gripping were his encounters into deepest/darkest jungles teaming with wild animals such as man-eating leopards, buffalos, gorillas and even ‘savages’. He supposedly met up with men such as Livingstone and Stanley and saved Cecil Rhodes from the jaws of a crocodile!
Doug ‘Trader’ Horn was selected as POW Singapore to work on Burma-Thai Railway with ‘D’ Force S Battalion departing by rail March 1943 in over-crowded rail trucks on 4-day train journey to Bampong, Thailand. ‘Trader’ worked on the Hellfire Pass Cutting – at Konyu II.   Survived and selected by Japanese at Tamuang as fit to work in Japan. Sailed on ‘Rashin’ Maru known to POWs as ‘Byoki’ Maru – sick ship. POWs were pushed into the hull, squeezed into narrow spaces, fed minimal food and water.   Their journey became 70 days from Singapore to Moji, Japan – many of those days were filled with absolute terror as their very old, war damaged and slow sailing ship which should have been scrap iron decades ago, and now fuelled by coal, left the safety of its convoy to survive a typhoon and eventually make its way to Manila.
At Manila ‘Rashin’ Maru was unable to sail for Japan on several attempts because US submarines were successfully blockading the port.
Trader Horn survived working as POW in Japan firstly at Yamine copper mine and then Niihama where his job was furnace attendant and No. 4 Party on the wharves.
He returned to Sydney, Australia on HMS Speaker.
‘Trader Horn’ visited Australia in 1929.
Below information obtained from Trove.

 

 

Below: scene from original silent movie filmed in Kenya.

 

Above:  Australia 1929.  ‘Trader Horn’ died 1931 and was buried Kent, England.

Capel WW2 Memorial

 

The following men enlisted with 2/4th MGB:

WX8011 DELAPORTE, Harry Thomas
b. Capel 1914 to Henry Thomas Delaporte and Emily Ada Harwood. Enlisted 10 Aug 1940 later joined 2/4th MGB’s ‘A’ Coy. Selected in Singapore to work Burma end of Burma-Thai Railway with ‘A’ Force Burma Green Force No. 3 Battalion. Survived his time on Burma-Thai Railway, was selected ‘fit’ by Japanese to work in Japan. Harry Delaporte lost his life when his transport ship ‘Rakuyo’ Maru was sunk by American submarines in South China Sea Sept 1944. Harry was 30 years of age. He left his wife Myrtle Mary Delaporte (nee Harris) widowed. Delaporte and Harris married in 1937.
Please read further about ‘A’ Force Burma, Green Force No. 3 Battalion
Also read about ‘Rakuyo’ Maru
Back L-R; Roy Harris (not 2/4) Charles Harris, Front: Toy Cox & Harry Delaporte
WX7851 HARRIS, CHARLES

b. 1914 to Edward Harris and Ellen Curley Winwood who married 1909 Wellington. He Enlisted 13 August 1940 later joining 2/4th MGB’s ‘A’ Company with Delaporte (above) his brother-in-law. Harris was selected with ‘B’ Force Borneo and sailed from Singapore to work on airfields at Sandakan. Charlie Harris died of starvation and illness at Sandakan POW Camp 27 May 1945 aged 31 years.
Please read further about ‘B’ Force Borneo
WX14327 NYBO, Lawrence ‘Roy’
b. Broken Hill, NSW 1919 to Herman and Ivy Elizabeth Nybo. Enlisted 18 June 1941 and joined 2/4th’s Headquarters Company. Selected in Singapore with ‘D’ Force V Battalion to work on Burma-Thai Railway departing Singapore by rail 17 March 1943 in overcrowded rail trucks for four days to Thailand.
Please read further about ‘D’ Force V Battalion which endured horrific loss of lives. Nybo died of beri beri at Hindaine Camp, Thailand on 4 September 1943 aged 22 years.  Roy’s mother’s was formerly Payne,  a well known Capel family.

 

2/4th men who survived included Ken Tucker.

 

WX8357 Sgt Kenneth Dudley TUCKER – son of Frederick Roland Tucker and Ethel Rosina Tucker.  Enlisted AIF Oct 1940 and later joined 2/4th MGB’s ‘B’ Coy 9 Platoon under CO Lt Don Lee.
He left Singapore to work on Burma-Thai Railway with ‘D’ Force Thailand S Battalion in May 1943.  During this time he was evacuated June 1943 by barge to Tarsau from Kanyu II.  From Tarsau Hospital Camp Tucker was sen to Chungkai Hospital 19 July 43 to 25 May 1944.  During this time he volunteered with the Wood Party 1 Sep 43 to 30 Apr 1944.  From Chungkai Tucker was sent to Tamuang Camp.
It was at Tamuang he was considered ‘fit’ by the Japanese to work in Japan.  He left with ‘Rashin’ Maru Party for Japan where he worked in the copper mine at Yamane and the wharves at Niihama.  Tucker was reovered from Niihama at the end of war.  Please read about ‘D’ Force S Battalion on Burma-Thai Railway

‘Rashin’ Maru 70-day journey from Singapore to Japan

Anketell Cup – Perth Dinghy Club

Dinghy Club Event 17 Feb 1951 Anketell Cup – West Australian Newspaper

 

Above:  Lt-Colonel Michael Joseph ANKETELL,

Commanding Officer 2/4th Machine Gun Battalion 8th Division WW2 – DOW 13 Feb 1942, during Battle for Singapore aged 52 years.  Anketell was a WW1 Veteran.
We have successfully contacted Perth Dinghy Club who have kindly confirmed they continue to hold the Anketell Cup annually, usually during first weeks of February.  We have also requested their assistance in researching the ‘beginnings’ of this event.
Initially it was thought an Anketell family member may have been a PDC member, however the club assure us this is not so and further research confirms this.
The early 2/4th Committee Meetings were held at the Perth Dinghy Club which was then located at the river end of Barrack Street. (I am positive the 2/4th found the Dinghy Club most conducive for meetings – there was a bar to enjoy a drink.   A most convenient location. It was the decision of the then Executive Committee to negotiate with PDC and present an annual trophy in memory of Anketell.
During the relevant years 1950-1952 2/4th President was Ray Lander with Vice President Ken Tucker,  Secretary W.J. ‘Pop’ Davey and Treasurer ‘Trader’ Douglas Horn.
As recorded above, 1951 was ninth anniversary of the death of  2/4th C.O. Lt. Colonel Mick Anketell.  His widow, Mrs Anketell and members of 2/4th Committee were present at the race.  Mrs Anketell presented the winner with the ‘Anketell’ Cup.
We also confirm there was much socialising between the two clubs.  Several Dinghy Club members confirmed they attended 2/4th cabarets and social events and the Dinghy club extended invitations to the 2/4th.
Anketell Cup displayed at Perth Dinghy Sailing Club.
The Anketell Cup stands about 45cm tall, quite significant. The first year winner’s name is inscribed in 1952.
Saturday 15 February 2020 2/4th MGB President Bernie Dorizzi, his wife Pam, Secretary Sylvia Norton and Historian Cheryl Mellor accepted an invitation to attend ‘Life Members & Legends Day’ of which one of the racing highlights is the Anketell Cup race.
It is more than 10 years since the 2/4th attended the Club.
We were warmly welcomed by the lady members of the Club – their husbands all out sailing!   The Club membership stands at about 100 persons plus an extensive number of junior members.  The PDS Club has several generations of family members with grandparents through to grandchildren.
The Club has a magnificent location on the Swan River at Crawley, opposite UWA.    The Club relocated here in 1963 from Barrack Street.  They have a bar and a ‘Tuck shop’ – which provides the most important income for the Club.

 

It was while the Dinghy Club was located on the Swan River at Barrack Street, Perth, opposite Repatriation Department, Riverside Drive that the 2/4th Association held their monthly meetings at  their facility, this would have been about 1946 or 1947.
While the PDS Club which commenced in 1903 has a magnificent Historical Collection at the current premises, however they have no record of how the 2/4th came to use their Barrack Street facilities.
But we are fortunate to locate in Sept 2022  the following:
‘After the war Ken Tucker devoted some of his time to Committee of 2/4th ex-Members Assoc, during 1950 and 1951.  It was at this time the Committee made the decision to approach and succeeded in arranging for the ‘Anketell’ Cup to be held at Perth Dinghy Club beginning in 1951. Please read further.
We discovered many 2/4th connections with Club members during the afternoon!
Below:  L-R Jo-Anne McVee with her mother Lesley Devine who is a niece to WX9357 Leslie Robert ‘Les’ Rayner, of ‘A’ Company who DOW 27 February 1942 aged 24 years.
Lesley’s grandmother Emily Rayner (Les Rayner’s mother) and her husband Henry R. Rayner operated the ‘Newcastle’ Hotel at Toodyay for many years.
Emily was known far and wide as ‘Ma’ and she ran a well-behaved hotel!  Bernie Dorizzi knew of ‘Ma’s reputation – no doubt his Uncles Gordon, Bert and Tom Dorizzi would have known ‘Ma’.
Prior to Toodyay, Emily and Henry were hoteliers in Marble Bar for several years.

 

Above:  Our gracious hostesses Jo-Anne McVee and her mother Lesley Devine.
A former competitive sailor and now retired member of the Club who resides in Albany, John Erwin introduced himself.  He flies from Albany once or twice a year to attend race days.  His sister Beverley married Murray Cheyne in1964.  WX9388 John ‘Murray’ Colville Cheyne enlisted November 1945, he was attached to Australian Army Postal Corp.  Cheyne worked on Burma end of Railwaay with Green Force and was selected with ‘Rakuyo’ Maru Party for Japan. Cheyne was fortunate to be removed from draft in Singapore!
Cheyne died in 1995, however John assured me his sister Beverley lives in Mandurah and keeps good health.

Please read further about Murray Cheyne

 

During the Presentation of Pennants at the end of the day, Bernie Dorrizi was invited to present the Anketell Cup to the 2020 winner and thanked PDS Club for their warm hospitality and the most amazing afternoon tea in the southern hemisphere!

Below:  PDC at the Esplanade – courtesy Perth Dinghy Club

______________

 

We believe it may have been George Gwynne who was the connection between PDC and 2/4th- he had been a keen dinghy sailor pre war.

 

We wish members of Perth Dinghy Club safe and successful sailing!

 

Bunbury War Memorial & 2/4th men from Bunbury

There are 70 names inscribed on the Bunbury War Memorial for WW2.  The Following ten men have been identified as serving with 2/4th Machine Gun Battalion.

 

WX7636 BEER, William John – b. Bunbury Feb 1917 to George Henry & Margarette Mary Beer. Enlisted AIF 10 Aug 1940  joined ‘D’ Coy  15 Platoon 2/4th Machine Gun Battalion.

Shipped to Borneo from Singapore with ‘E’ Force to work on construction of airfield for Japanese Army at Sandakan. Died  starvation & illness Sandakan, Borneo 14 June 1945 aged 28 years. Epitaph – Labuan Memorial, Borneo.

 

 

 

 

 

WX7629 BUGG, Frederick – b.  Maylands May 1914 to George & Jessie Bugg who moved to live Bunbury.

Tragically died 29 Oct 1941 Woodside Army Camp, S.A. where 2/4th MGB were training.   Aged 27 years. (Court of Enquiry failed to determine cause of death, but determined there was nothing to suggest foul play). Buried West Terrace Cemetery, S.A.  Fred was also a member of 10 Platoon.

 

 

 

 

WX7625 CLARKE, James Sydney, possibly known as ‘Syd’ – b. 1918 Bunbury to James and Nellie Clarke.  Clarke enlisted AIF 10 Aug 1940, joined ‘C’ Coy 2/4th Machine Gun Battalion, No. 11 Platoon.

As POW working Burma-Thai Railway Clarke d. 13 Aug 1943 of illness at Khonkan Hospital Camp in Burma aged 25 years. (Buried Thanbuzyayat War Cemetery, Burma)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

WX16436 CLIFTON, Gordon Dagley – b. Bunbury Apr 1914 to Richard Henry & Rachael Isabella Clifton (nee Gibbs). Husband of Florence Mary Jane Clifton (nee O’Byrne) and father to son Allan.  Enlisted 10 Sep 1941.

 

 

Taken on Strength 2/4th MGB Woodside Camp, SA. Joined ‘A’ Coy.  KIA by shrapnel during an enemy artillery barrage at Buona Vista, Singapore 15 Feb 1942 aged 26 years. Buried  Kranji War Cemetery, Singapore.

 

 

 

 

 

WX7620 EDWARDS, Thomas Henry – b. 1900 Shropshire, England to Henry & Francis Edwards. Arrived from London on ‘Ballarat’ 14 Dec 1922 in his early 20’s, listing his occupation as farmer. Thomas & his wife Sarah took up land through Group Settlement, Busselton.
They resided Ambergate when Thomas enlisted 10 Aug 1940, he joined ‘D’ 14 Platoon Coy 2/4th Machine Gun Battalion.
At Singapore, Edwards was one of D Coy men transferred to create additional 16 Platoon. Died of Wounds at Hill 200, Ulu Pandan 12 Feb 1942 aged 42 years.

        

(Edwards served England WW1- No. 52912 Pte. T.H. Edwards, The Lancashire Fusiliers – received recognition For conspicuous bravery and devotion to duty during British offensive in the FORET DE MORMON on November 4th 1919’.)

 

 

WX17974 GIBSON, Lionel Stephen b. Oct 1922 Bunbury to Clarence and May Gibson who resided at Clarke Street, Bunbury.  Lionel enlisted 10 Dec 1941 – he became one of many very young and fresh-faced reinforcements from Northam Army Camp to join 2/4th Machine Gun Battalion on ‘Aquitania’ anchored  off Fremantle for one night for supplies and reinforcements – sailed to Singapore the next day on 16 Feb 1942.

 

KIA during a Japanese ambush 11 Feb 1942 fighting at Singapore with ‘E’ Coy Special Reserve Battalion aged 19 years.  (88 soldiers from Special Reserve Battalion were killed).   Lionel Gibson died just 2 months after enlisting with AIF.
Please read further about ‘E’ Company SRB

 

 

 

 

 

WX7851 HARRIS Charles Henry – b 20 May 1914 Picton Junction to Edward and Ellen Harris (nee Winwood).   Enlisted 13 Aug 1940 joined 2/4th MGB ‘A’ Company. Selected in Singapore with ‘B’ Force Borneo to work on the airfield at Sandakan, departing July 1942.
Charlie died 27 May 1945 aged 31 years of malaria at Sandakan No. 1 Camp. He was buried at No. 2 Cemetery (which was in use until 29 May 1945).
The 2nd Sandakan to Ranau March consisting of 536 POWS began departing Sandakan in groups of 50 men from 29 May 1945, just 2 days after Charlie’s death – many were barely able to walk – they left  behind 288 very ill and starving men lying out in the open grounds after the Japanese burned down their huts .
Please read further about ‘B’ and ‘E’ Forces Borneo.
Two sisters of Charlie Harris married 2/4th mates.
Myrtle May Harris married Harry Delaporte WX8011who perished South China Sea 12 Sept 1944 when
‘Rakuyo’ Maru transporting POWs to Japan was sunk by American submarines. 

Please read about ‘Rakuyo’ Maru sinking

& sister Ellen Bertha Harris married Claude Knott WX7616 (former Fairbridge Farm School Boy)
Delaporte, Knott and Harris were all in ‘A’ Company.  Knott was the only one to return home.
The Harris and Delaporte families were early pioneers of the district.

 

WX7628 HOWARD, Edgar Joseph known as Tim – b. June 1912 Armadale to George Joseph and Beatrice Victoria Howard (nee George).   Enlisted 18 Oct 1940 joined 2/4th MGB ‘A’ Company, promoted to Sergeant 7 Feb 1942.

As POW at Singapore, Howard was selected with ‘H’ Force Thailand to work on Burma-Thai Railway around the Hellfire Pass Cutting.   
Please read further about ‘H’ Force Group No. 3.
Howard died of cholera  1 July 1943 aged 31 years.
‘Tim’ Howard married Elsie Beryl Pickersgill 1932.  They had two children.  The youngest, son Peter John Howard born in 1939 tragically died 1944 aged 5 years.

 

 

WX9433 JONES, Norman (known as Taffy) – (10 Platoon) b. Dec 1905 Mostyn, North Wales, UK to John & Ann Jones.

Enlisted Dec 1940 joined ‘C’ Coy 2/4th Machine Gun Battalion, 10 Platoon.  Departed Singapore Railway Station March 1943 with ‘D’ Force Thailand S Battalion to work on Burma-Thai Railway, at the Hellfire Pass Cutting.
Evacuated to Chungkai Hospital Camp d. Nov 1943 of illness aged 37 years.  Buried  Kanchanaburi War Cemetery, Thailand.
(In England served 6 years with Royal Tank Corps).

 
His body rests at Kanchanaburi War Cemetery, Thailand.  One of 91 men from 2/4th MGB.

 

 

 

WX16883 PLATTS, Norman Willis b. Bunbury 24 March 1910 to Herbert Platts and Ethel Jane Maslin.

Enlisted 6 Oct 1941. As  reinforcement joined ‘E’ Company Special Reserve Battalion, promoted to Sergeant on 7 Feb 1942.   Norm was KIA aged 31 years during Japanese ambush Singapore South-West Bukit Timah 11 Feb 1942. It was 4 months since he enlisted with AIF.
Norm was a committed member of Bunbury Rowing Club, a musician and also involved with Scouts. Norm married Annie ‘Ray’ Armstrong 1930, they had two children Ivor and Margaret.

Please read further about ‘E’ Company

Norm’s younger brother Richard Sleath Platts born 1916 also enlisted. Richard WX5686 joined 2/16th Battalion.  He died 5th December 1942 at Bomana near Port Moresby, New Guinea.

 

This following list of Bunbury enlistments may not include all the men. This was printed in 1941.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bunbury boys who enlisted and/or had family/connections with Bunbury/nearby regions and returned home include:

 

WX7266 Ablett, Norman Leslie (Norm)  (10 Platoon) his father Thomas Henry Ablett was appointed to Bunbury GPO in 1937. He was sent to work on Burma end of Burma-Thai Railway with Green Force which included a large number of 2/4th. Norm survived and was selected as bing ‘fit’ by the Japanese and sent to work in Japan with ‘Awa’ Maru Party.  He was sent to work at the Omuta coal mines from where he was recovered at the end of the war.

 

WX17591 Dow Claude died 13 July 2001 aged 84 years and is buried at Bunbury Cemetery.
Please read about Claude

 

 

WX8119 Fullerton, Sgt Rodney Charles (10 Platoon Sergeant) badly wounded during fighting Reformatory Road, Ulu Pandan 11 Feb 1942 – Fuhrmann took over his role.  Rod Fullerton spent the war at Changi – for many months in hospital and later in recovery.

 

WX15427 Griffith, Cpl Keith George was born Bunbury1922 to Mark and Ada Griffith. He joined ‘A’ Coy HQ as a Cook and Corporal.  Griffith was wounded at Buona Vista with shrapnel wounds to his wrist, left knee and thigh.  Discharged to Unit 22 Feb 1942.  Left Singapore with first work party. ‘A’ Force Burma Green Force No. 3 Battalion.  They began working on the railway at the Burma end. Griffith was recovered from Thailand at the end of the war.  He died Perth May 2011.

WX7642 Henderson, Clarence Gordon (Clarrie) – (10 Platoon) Clarrie was born Bunbury 1917 to Robert Clarence and Ada Henderson.  Enlisted 10 Aug 1940.  ‘C’ Coy.  Was AWOL when ‘Aquitania;’ sailed from Fremantle 16 Feb 1942 to Singapore.  Was one of 88 machine gunners to do so and were instead landed in Java where they were taken POWs of Japan several weeks later.  Sailed from Java with ‘D’ Force Thailand Java Party No. 6 P Battalion to work on Burma Thai Railway.  Later deemed ‘fit’ by Japanese to work in Japan.  Sailed with ‘Rashin’ Maru Party 70 long days, to Moji, Japan.  He worked Saganoeski copper smelter then Omine coal mining from where he was recovered.

WX7618 Holtzman Leslie Norman (Les) (10 Platoon) born Bunbury 1920 to  Norman Guy and Hilda Olive Holtzman.  Joined 2/4th’s ‘C’ Coy. Sailed from Singapore as POW of Japan to Burma to work on Burma end of Burma Thai Railway.  Les was later selected ‘fit’ to work in Japan with ‘Awa’ Maru Party.  Worked at Omuta coal mine from where he was recovered at end of war.  Please read about Omuta.

Holtzman is buried at Bunbury.

 

WX16886 Magill Arthur Please read about Arthur Magill. 
He died at Bunbury 11 July 1979 aged 60 years and was buried there.

 

WX8478 McGlinn Francis (Frank) – returned to live Bunbury, died aged 39 years in an accident early 1950’s -(10 Platoon).  Worked on Burma Thai Railway with ‘D’ Force Thailand S Battalion which included a large number of 2/4th men.  Later deemed ‘fit’ by Japanese Frank sailed to Japan with ‘Rashin’ Maru Party.  Worked Yamane and Niihama Copper mine from where he was recovered when war ended.  
Returned home to learn his widow mother Helen Margaret McGlinn had several years earlier been murdered while walking across a nearby park in Perth in daylight hours.
His first cousin WX11580 Donald Spencer McGlinn also joined 2/4th (11 Platoon) as a reinforcement.   Don McGlinn worked on Railway with ‘D’ Force S Battalion, died aged 28 years at Tarsau Hospital Camp, Thailand of dysentery and avitaminosis.

 

WX5336 Murdoch, James Lewis b.1922 Donnybrook to John Murdoch and Agnes  enlisted 27 July 1940.  Joined ‘D’ Coy 15 Platoon.  Murdoch however was landed at Java and not Singapore.  Taken POW of Japan 8 Mar 1942.  He sailed with Java Party No. 4 Williams Force via Singapore to Burma to work on the Burma end of the Railway.  At the end of the war, Murdoch was recovered from Thailand.

 

WX7738 Parke Charles Spencer (Charlie) b. 1916 Brunswick Junction to Sydney Spencer and Kathleen Mary Parke.  Enlisted 10 Aug 1940.  Joined ‘A’ Coy.
Worked on Burma Thai Railway with ‘D’ Force Thailand V Battalion which endured a shocking death rate. Charlie survived to be sent to Japan with ‘Aramis’ Party and worked at Omuta Coal mine with terrible working conditions and brutality was extensive.  He was recovered from Omuta at the end of the war.

 

WX86423 Douglas ‘Doug’ PARKER b. Bunbury 1914 to Richard and Jessie Parker (nee Glen).  He was youngest of nine children born to the Parker family although several siblings died in their younger years,  His father was employed at the Bunbury Post Office died in 1931.  His mother died June 1945 when Doug was POW in Thailand.
He left Bunbury before 1937 to work in Perth.

He left Singapore with first Work Force, ‘A’ Force Burma Green Force No. 3 Battalion (with other Bunbury boys such as Keith Griffith, Norm Ablett) to work from Burma end of Railway and was recovered from Thailand.
Doug died young in 1955 aged 41 years in Perth.  Buried Perth.

 

 

 

WX8562 Schuts Aubrey Vincent (Aub) Worked on Burma-Thai Railway with ‘D’ Force Thailand S Battalion and was then selected in 1944 to work in Japan from where he was recovered at the end of the war.
Schutts died in Bunbury 6 Sept 2007 aged 94 years and buried at Bunbury Cemetery.

WX9419 Harold William STEELE b. 1917 Glen Forrest, is son of Harold William (Snr) and Florence Steele.  He was recovered from Kachu Mountain Camp, Thailand.

 

WX9157 Tapper Albert Leslie (Snow) born 1917 Perth to Albert Leslie and Mary Margaret Tapper.  Enlisted 30 Oct 1940 later joined ‘D’ Coy.
Sent to work northern end of Burma Thai Railway with ‘A’ Force Burma, Green Force No. 3 Btn.  He was medical orderly at Khonkan 55km Hospital Camp in Burma
Missed draft to Japan, possibly because he remained longer at Khonkan hospital as orderly.
Was recovered from Thailand at the end of the war.
Tapper died 23 May 1983 aged 65 years and is buried at Bunbury Cemetery.

 

WX7641 Wenn Stanley Keith (Stan or Mick) – (10 Platoon) enlisted 10 Aug 1940.  Born Bunbury 1912 to Henry and Mabel Wenn.  Sailed to Japan with ‘Wales’ Maru Party – ‘J’ Force which initially accommodated at Kobe House until it was bombed in 1945.  He was recovered from Notogawa at the end of the war.
Wenn returned to Bunbury, and died 10 November 1981 and is buried at Bunbury Cemetery, Anglican Section F173

 

 

2/4th MGB ASSOCIATION HONOUR BOARD – PAST COMMITTEE MEMBERS

 

 

 

Above:  Lander.
Ray died 25 May 1975 at Jolimont aged 77 years.
Ray Lander’s commitment to 2/4th
On the first Committee in 1946 and in 1947 Ray was Treasurer. Then in 1948 through to 1952 he was President.   In 1952 the Committee had come to an agreement with Perth Dinghy Club to present an annual Cup at their premises in memory of Lt. Col Anketell who had died 9 years earlier.  Please read further. 
Mrs Anketell presented the cup to the winner.

 

 

THE 2/4TH MGB ASSOCIATION

Page 32         Borehole Bulletin        October 1990

The Association actually came into being in Changi, where a meeting of approx. 100 members a Constitution was prepared and adopted. This was submitted to the first meeting of members in the Drill Hall in Bazaar Terrace on the 7th March 1946 and with
a few minor amendments, was adopted by the meeting. The first committee comprised: President – C. Green, Vice President – A.J. Cough, Secretary – E. Feltham, Treasurer –

R.M. Lander.

COMMITTEE: Dr C. Anderson, J. Gorringe, T. Tompkins, A. Winter, D. Pearson and with the resignation of Dr. Anderson and T. Tompkins in August: D.F. Anderson and L. Cody were appointed to the Committee. D. Pearson was appointed acting Secretary in October following the resignation of E. Feltham.

In April the first Nominal Roll was compiled by Ray Langer and showed 567 returned to Australia, 395 deceased – a total of 962. The first flag was also commissioned in April. The first newsletter Borehole Bulletin No. 1 was issued in July. The first ‘Smoke Social’ (funny names we had in those days) was held at the A.N.A. Hall on the 14th June 1946 – to be followed by another in October of that year. Our first Picnic was not held until 1949 – on 30th October at the Kelmscott Showgrounds. In April 1950 we ran our first Sweep on the Sydney Cup and in the same year (July) the first Anketell Memorial Trophy was presented to the Perth Dinghy Club. That wonderful worker for the Association , Mrs Roberta Stanley Lowe, was made a Life Member on the 15th January 1953 and in the same year was appointed a Hospital Visiting Committee to assist her with her work. Collie was the first venue for our first Country Reunion on 26th November 1954 – it was a great success. Our first Cricket Match (against the Navy Stores at Gosnells) was played in February 1956 (we won by five pints) and in July of that year we launched out on our first BIG Social Event – The Bamboo Ball. It was an outstanding success 675 people attending and it set the standard for the Perth Social scene for many years.

The Association has continued to play a strong supporting role in the affairs of the members of the Battalion. It has been blessed with a strong and responsible committee structure and many instances of continuing personal commitment during its 44 years of operation. It has done a fine job of work typical of the spirit created during our ‘khaki’ and ‘lap lap’ days and no doubt will continue to do so while there are members to serve.

The Association Officers were ably supported by the up to 100 or more members who had served on the Committee over the years, some of whom have clocked up many terms as committee men. The one outstanding record of service however, is that of Jimmy Duncan who has served on the Committee for an unbroken 37 years.

The ‘Borehole Bulletin’ our main source of communication with the members, has been Edited by four members – Alf Cough (who first set it up) in 1944, Les Cody from 1947 to

1957, George Williams 1963 to 1971 and current Editor Ted Wallin who took over in 1972 (well past 1990).

_________________

President Vice President Secretary Treasurer
1946 Green CE Cough AJ Feltham E Lander RM
1947 Green CE Cough AJ Pearson D Lander RM
1948 Unsworth J Annear RW Pearson D Lander RM
1949 Lander RM Cody L Davey WJ Horn D
1950 Lander RM Tucker KD Davey WJ Horn D
1951 Lander RM Tucker KD Davey WJ Horn D
1952 Lander RM Ridgewell R Kennedy MStJ Winter A
1953 Cody L Ridgewell R Kemp L Quinn DA
1954 Morrison J Heppingstone I Kemp L Quinn DA
1955 Duncan J Cody L Kemp L Quinn DA
1956 Duncan J Fraser E Heppingstone I Mellor J
1957 Duncan J Fraser E Castles W Mellor J
1958 Fraser E Duncan J Zappa E Mellor J
1959 Fraser E Duncan J Zappa E Mellor J
1960 Fraser E Duncan J Zappa E Mellor J
1961 Fraser E Duncan J Zappa E Mellor J
1962 Fraser E Duncan J Zappa E Mellor J
1963 Fraser E Duncan J Zappa E Mellor J
1964 Fraser E Duncan J Zappa E Pummel E
1965 Fraser E Duncan J Zappa E Pummel E
1966 Fraser E Duncan J Zappa E Pummel E
1967 Fraser E Duncan J Tomkins P Quinn DA
1968 Fraser E Duncan J Tomkins P Quinn DA
1969 Fraser E Duncan J Tomkins P Quinn DA
1970 Duncan J Wallin E Tomkins P Quinn DA
1971 Duncan J Wallin E Tomkins P Quinn DA
1972 Fraser E Wallin E Tomkins P Quinn DA
1973 Fraser E Wallin E Tomkins P Quinn DA
1974 Wallin E McPherson CJ Tomkins P Quinn DA
1975 Wallin E McPherson CJ Tomkins P Quinn DA
1976 Wallin E McPherson CJ Tomkins P Quinn DA
1977 Wallin E McPherson CJ Tomkins P Quinn DA
1978 Wallin E Feltham E Tomkins P Quinn DA
1979 Wallin E Tompkins P McPherson CJ Hampson D
1980 Wallin E Tompkins P McPherson CJ Hampson D
1981 Wallin E Tompkins P McPherson CJ Hampson D
1982 Tompkins P Wallin E McPherson CJ Hampson D
1983 Tompkins P Wallin E McPherson CJ Hampson D
1984 Tompkins P Wallin E McPherson CJ McPherson CJ
1985 Tompkins P Wallin E McPherson CJ McPherson CJ
1986 Tompkins P Wallin E McPherson CJ McPherson CJ
1987 Tompkins P Beard TJ McPherson CJ McPherson CJ
1988 Tompkins P Kemp L McPherson CJ McPherson CJ
1989 Tompkins P Kemp L McPherson CJ McPherson CJ
1990 Tompkins P Kemp L McPherson CJ McPherson CJ
1991 MacKinnon GC Evans F McPherson CJ McPherson CJ
1992 MacKinnon GC Evans F McPherson CJ McPherson CJ
1993 Wallin E Evans F McPherson CJ McPherson CJ
1994 Wallin E Evans F Kyros J McPherson CJ
1995 Wallin E Elliott J Kyros J Badock R
1996 Wallin E Elliott J Kyros J Badock R
1997 Wallin E Elliott J Kyros J Badock R
1998 Wallin E Elliott J Kyros J Badock R
1999 Wallin E Elliott J Kyros J Badock R
2000 Elliott J James T Kyros J Badock R
2001 Elliott J James T Kyros J Badock R
2002 Elliott J James T Kyros J Badock R
2003 Elliott J James T Morris L Badock R
2004 Elliott J James T Morris L Badock R
2005 Elliott J James T Morris L Badock R
2006 Elliott J James T Morris L Badock R
2007 Elliott J Dimopoulos P Morris L Badock R
2008 Elliott J Dimopoulos P Morris L Badock R
2009 Elliott J Dimopoulos P Morris L Badock R
2010 McLennan R Dimopoulos P Mellor C Dimopoulos P
2011 McLennan R Dimopoulos P Mellor C
2012 McLennan R Dimopoulos P Mellor C
2013 McLennan R Dimopoulos P Mellor C Holding W
2014 McLennan R Dorizzi B Mellor C Holding W
2015 McLennan R Dorizzi B Mellor C Holding W
2016 McLennan R Dorizzi B Norton S Kyros T
2017 McLennan R Dorizzi B Norton S Kyros T
2018 McLennan R Dorizzi B Norton S Ridgwell J
2019 Dorizzi B Tysoe H Norton S Ridgwell J
2020 Dorizzi B Tysoe H Johnson C Ridgwell J
2021 Dorizzi B Tysoe H Johnson C Ridgwell J
2022 Dorizzi B Tysoe H Johnson C Ridgwell J

 

 

Former POW WX17962 Edward ‘Ted’ William WALLIN
Ted was an outstandingly active member of 2/4th Machine Gun Ex-Members Assoc. and for many years was also Borehole Editor, printer and with his family folded and posted the news to all members.
Aside from Borehole Editor – Ted served over 20 years: 1973-1999.
1970-1973  Vice-President
1974-1984 President
1982-1986 Vice President 
1993-1999 President
At the AGM on 25 April 2000 Ted Wallin was elected President and Jim Elliott Vice President.
Ted tragically died 2 May 2000 aged 79 years.
At the 2/4th MGB 2/4th ex-Members Assoc Committee Meeting of 16 May 2000 Jim Elliott addressed the Committee saying Ted Wallin’s death and absence left a space within the Committee which would be hard to fill.  He asked members to be upstanding for two minutes silence in respect.
We wish to acknowledge Ted for his contribution and his daughter and husband for their contribution over the years.  Folding and posting the Borehole out.  Our sincere thanks.

 

Below:  October 1990 Borehole – includes a memorable advert for 1962 Bamboo Ball.

 

 

Why did Japan invade SE Asia?

First and foremost Japan did not have its own supply of raw materials!
The rich oil fields of Dutch East Indies would enable Japan to be almost self-sufficient.
Japan invaded French Indo China October 1941 followed by Pearl Harbour Dec 1941.
The Government of Thailand provided token resistance and then allowed Japan access.
What then followed was the Fall of Singapore 15 Feb 1942 and the Dutch East Indies in Apr 1942 – bringing about access to oil!
There was now a further problem – transporting oil to Japan and elsewhere.  Japan had an increasing shortage of oil tankers.
When did the idea of Burma-Thai Railway evolve?
Probably following the invasion of French Indo-China.
By mid May 1942 Japan had successfully occupied Burma and had it’s sights on India.  Wet weather brought about a four-five month halt  – thus allowing Britain to re-organise and re-quip India  and giving force to attack Japanese shipping to Burma  – the existing route was  through the China sea, around the Malay Peninsula and up the Malacca Strait to Rangoon.
Making Bangkok the main shipping terminus would save more than a 1,000 miles and reduce potential loss of shipping from Allied attacks.
A rail link was the answer!
There was an existing railway system from Singapore to Bangkok and from Bangkok to Non Pladuk.    In Burma there was a rail link between Rangoon and Ye.
Japan had thousands of POWs to use as a labour force.