Adam Park Camp - Singapore
ADAM PARK POW CAMP
On 4th April 1942 2800 men of the AIF moved out of Selarang Barracks Changi to Bukit Timah area in the vicinity of the MacRitchie Reservoir. The 2/4th had been ordered to supply 300 men for the occasion.
Under the command of Major Alf Cough and Lt MacKinnon with 23 men with rations and cooking utensils had been ordered to depart earlier as the advance party.
There were five sub-camps in this area being Adam Park, Sime Road, Thompson Road (Caldecot Hill Estate, Mount Pleasant Estate and Lornie Road. Three of the camps were former housing estates and the other two were atap style native hutted camps.
Lt Col Roland Oakes, formerly commanding officer of 2/26 battalion was ADAM PARK commanding Officer.
Adam Park, Singapore: Work Party’s orders had to go through an officer with the rank of Captain identified by wearing one star. WO 2 Burgess was permitted to wear one star on this occasion as he was acting as Adjutant at Adam Park.
It was at Adam Park where several 2/4th mentioned how sleeping conditions were very crowded.
Life as a Pow at Adam Park was very different – it was almost relaxed compared to what was ahead on the Railway. Just as Changi was like a ‘holiday camp’ when POWs returned from working on the railway. The men got up to a lot of hi-jinx when the opportunities presented.
2,000 Australians were first of the Shrine workforce to arrive at Adam Park on 3rd April 1942. They were ordered to make best use of the bombed out buildings for their accommodation. What they found was an appalling mess. The houses had been left to rot. The roofs and walls were perforated by the fall of mortars and shells and the rooms infested with mosquitoes. Bodies of soldiers and civilians lay unburied around the grounds. The drainage and sanitation were smashed up and the electricity had been cut. The houses had been looted and left devoid of usable furniture. For many of the POWs the first night was spent on the concrete floors of the outhouses with little more than what they carried to provide succour.
In the morning the roll call was taken and the first of the daily work parties was marched out onto the SICC Golf Course to start the process of building access roads to the new shrine and a small bridge over part of MacRitchie Reservoir. The project included granite steps leading up to the shrine and construction of the hill top Shinto shrine.
By October 1942 the shrine had been finished and the men were not required to work as hard.
http://www.adamparkproject.com/briefing-room
Briefing Room | Adam Park Project. (2021). Retrieved 11 October 2021, from http://www.adamparkproject.com/briefing-room/
It was at Adam Park Camp that Australian Commanding Officer Lt. Col Oakes reported 5 Australians to the Japanese – they were sentenced to three years at Outram Road Gaol.
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30 May 1942 there was trouble when 60 men were caught outside the wire. The men were given seven days detention and fed only one meal per day of plain rice. Most of them had been out shopping on the black market however, three 2/4th men had out searching for bodies at Hill 200.
Joe Swartz, Joe Meredith and Lawrance Nybo were unsuccessful in locating the unburied corpses of Len Helliwell, Allan Brown, Keith ‘Bully’ Hayes, Frank Curnow, Doug Royce and Ossie McEwen.
Lt Colonel Roland Oakes,
‘was in overall command of the detachment and he was given a surprisingly free rein to set up the camp. Providing the required numbers of troops were available each morning for the work parties the Japanese commanders paid little attention as to what went on in the camp. Oakes and his staff set about establishing a fully functioning military barracks within the wreckage of the estate. All the facilities one might expect in a camp back home were set up. The men were billeted in the houses around the periphery of the estate keeping as much as they could within their battalion structure with about 250 men in each house. They were to be found in every room, some even preferring to live under the bungalows or in the outhouses, garages and maids quarters. The external kitchens at the back of each house were used for making the food and latrines were dug in the gardens. A few weeks after their arrival the men of 8th Division Signals used their familiarity with wiring to get the electricity working and the men of the 2/5th Hygiene section restored the sanitation and running water. The Australians were very adept at scrounging and soon a treasure house of broken fittings and fixtures had been ‘acquired’ to provide a selection of improvised furniture.’
‘Somewhat belatedly, a thousand British troops arrived the following month under the command of Lt. Col. Madden R.A, including men from the Gordon Highlanders under Major Reginald Lees and the Leicestershires and the East Surrey men from the ‘British Battalion’. With most of the best accommodation now firmly allocated to the AIF they found themselves relegated to the six abandoned houses in the neighboring Watten Estate.’
‘Oakes brought in a surgical team led by Major Hugh Rayson of the 2/10 Field Ambulance who set up a hospital which remarkably included a laboratory to analyse various samples brought in from local camps and a fully functioning dental surgery. The officers not assigned to command of the accommodation buildings were housed in what became known as the ‘Captain’s House’ and Oakes even established an orderly room and somewhat ironically a ‘prison’. Other houses were converted into a canteen (set up by the Japanese and manned by local Chinese to encourage official trading), a chapel housed in the upper floor of a bombed out house above the canteen and a theatre, The Tivoli, which boasted in its heyday an orchestra of over 60 musicians performing on a stage built into a double garage. The Japanese took over another house as their guard room but there were few guards around place. By mid way through the stay the prisoners were asked to guard themselves, having to post sentries at various points with the remit to limit movement around the camp. In fact for the first few months there was little to stop prisoners walking down to town to trade what little items and money they had. A barbed wire perimeter fence was not installed until May 1942.’
We acknowledge and thank Briefing Room Adam Park http://www.adamparkproject.com/briefing-room/
On 4th April 1942 2800 men of the AIF moved out of Selarang Barracks Changi to Bukit Timah area a vicinity of the MacRitchie Reservoir. The 2/4th had been ordered to supply 300 men for the occasion, There were five sub-camps in this area being Adam Park, Sime Road, Thompson Road (Caldecot Hill Estate, Mount Pleasant Estate and Lornie Road. Three of the camps were former housing estates and the other two were atap style native hutted camps.
Adam Park
Several 2/4th mentioned how sleeping conditions were very crowded here.
Life as a Pow at Adam Park was very different – it was almost relaxed compared to what was ahead on the Railway. Just as Changi was like a ‘holiday camp’ when POWs returned from working on the railway. The men got up to a lot of hi-jinx when the opportunities presented.
2,000 Australians were first of the Shrine workforce to arrive at Adam Park on 3rd April 1942. They were ordered to make best use of the bombed out buildings for their accommodation. What they found was an appalling mess. The houses had been left to rot. The roofs and walls were perforated by the fall of mortars and shells and the rooms infested with mosquitoes. Bodies of soldiers and civilians lay unburied around the grounds. The drainage and sanitation were smashed up and the electricity had been cut. The houses had been looted and left devoid of usable furniture. For many of the POWs the first night was spent on the concrete floors of the outhouses with little more than what they carried to provide succour.
In the morning the roll call was taken and the first of the daily work parties was marched out onto the SICC Golf Course to start the process of building access roads to the new shrine and a small bridge over part of MacRitchie Reservoir. The project included granite steps leading up to the shrine and construction of the hill top Shinto shrine.
By October 1942 the shrine had been finished and the men were not required to work as hard.
http://www.adamparkproject.com/briefing-room
Briefing Room | Adam Park Project. (2021). Retrieved 11 October 2021, from http://www.adamparkproject.com/briefing-room/
It was at Adam Park Camp that Australian Commanding Officer Lt. Col Oakes reported 5 Australians to the Japanese – they were sentenced to three years at Outram Road Gaol.
Finally on 21 Dec 1942, 10 months after surrender and after months and months of requests and negotiations Major Cough with Capt John Hill was permitted to take out a burial party of 20 2/4th men from Sime Road Camp. They located and identified 27 bodies of men from ‘A’, ‘C’, ‘D’ and HQ Companies and were able to provide a decent burial for them.
It became horribly evident to the POWs that In the process of burying their dead, the Japanese had to work around the corpses of their enemy – they would have had to step over them and around them while the Japanese buried their own amongst the Commonwealth troop’s bodies. It would not have been too demanding to push the bodies into the nearby slit trenches and cover them over. The men could not fathom how the Japanese could care for their own dead and leave the unburied corpses of their enemies to the elements and marauding pigs. This was beyond their belief and proved distressing!
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